Authentication may not be only applied to only one field but to many. For anthropology, art, and antiques, usually, the problem is on the verification of artifacts, whether if these are produced by a person or by a place or period of history. This authentication has 3 types that include comparing the attributes, relying to documentation and to external affirmations, and accepting the proof of an identity.
So the main purpose of writing this article is presenting an overview about some scientific techniques for the evaluation. There are also some traditional techniques that are applied in Indian artifact authentication service. The communities for artifact collection have been using the common techniques such as ultra violet inspection and microscopic analysis.
Most advanced imaging technologies, materials characterization, and scientific methods for dating have been used rarely. This is because would prefer on relying to personal experiences and using the very basic techniques for the evaluation. The collaboration of two parties, the artifact collectors and archeologists, will mature if they try on sharing their methods and their disciplines.
The first step in a process of authentication is the provenance research. In this step, there may be some difficulties but this is an essential part to establish a complete history of the objects and these objects serve as support for processes of authentication and of dating. The information of a research must contain the identities, exact dates, and the locations and the circumstances.
If ever the provenance cannot be verified reasonably, or may be it is completely absent, this may result to having serious doubts on the authenticity of an object. It also pushes the onus verification to another aspect of process, thus, not able to determine the authenticity. So it is important that some instances of objects where in these are both stylistically correct and scientifically consistent must be noted.
If the objects are being conserved already, are restored, and are considered as subjects in the previous analysis, these may probably be documented thoroughly and this documentation accompanies the objects through an ownership. There may also materials which are used for conservation or cleaning and are being interpreted falsely due to fakery or alteration.
To identify some authoritative sources can be one critical step during the process and is being presented in three categories. First are recognized experts. These experts an analysis of objects are needed to be identified and consulted. And also, the qualifications are to be carefully reviewed and they must be examined if they are enable to withstand a reasonable scrutiny.
Second, the reference materials. These are the support for analysis process and need to be identified and be reviewed. Most common useful resources are scientific journals and scholarly textbooks. Those publications that are having illustrations on unprovenanced objects or those objects that are not studied appropriately should be avoided and as well the web references which are not tied back into authoritative sources. Typically, a review on literature and being accompanied by bibliographies and references can help in the identification of appropriate resources.
Third, the reference collections. These will provide the basis in the comparison of studies and must be identified. The objects in these collections should be authentic or inauthentic and well documented. The preliminary research step will be looking for experts on the field and will utilize mostly the full complements of the authoritative sources. This knowledge can help in defining what techniques are employed and be the basis for interpretation and evaluation of results.
So the main purpose of writing this article is presenting an overview about some scientific techniques for the evaluation. There are also some traditional techniques that are applied in Indian artifact authentication service. The communities for artifact collection have been using the common techniques such as ultra violet inspection and microscopic analysis.
Most advanced imaging technologies, materials characterization, and scientific methods for dating have been used rarely. This is because would prefer on relying to personal experiences and using the very basic techniques for the evaluation. The collaboration of two parties, the artifact collectors and archeologists, will mature if they try on sharing their methods and their disciplines.
The first step in a process of authentication is the provenance research. In this step, there may be some difficulties but this is an essential part to establish a complete history of the objects and these objects serve as support for processes of authentication and of dating. The information of a research must contain the identities, exact dates, and the locations and the circumstances.
If ever the provenance cannot be verified reasonably, or may be it is completely absent, this may result to having serious doubts on the authenticity of an object. It also pushes the onus verification to another aspect of process, thus, not able to determine the authenticity. So it is important that some instances of objects where in these are both stylistically correct and scientifically consistent must be noted.
If the objects are being conserved already, are restored, and are considered as subjects in the previous analysis, these may probably be documented thoroughly and this documentation accompanies the objects through an ownership. There may also materials which are used for conservation or cleaning and are being interpreted falsely due to fakery or alteration.
To identify some authoritative sources can be one critical step during the process and is being presented in three categories. First are recognized experts. These experts an analysis of objects are needed to be identified and consulted. And also, the qualifications are to be carefully reviewed and they must be examined if they are enable to withstand a reasonable scrutiny.
Second, the reference materials. These are the support for analysis process and need to be identified and be reviewed. Most common useful resources are scientific journals and scholarly textbooks. Those publications that are having illustrations on unprovenanced objects or those objects that are not studied appropriately should be avoided and as well the web references which are not tied back into authoritative sources. Typically, a review on literature and being accompanied by bibliographies and references can help in the identification of appropriate resources.
Third, the reference collections. These will provide the basis in the comparison of studies and must be identified. The objects in these collections should be authentic or inauthentic and well documented. The preliminary research step will be looking for experts on the field and will utilize mostly the full complements of the authoritative sources. This knowledge can help in defining what techniques are employed and be the basis for interpretation and evaluation of results.
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